Self-service Entrance Guard System of College Library Based on RFID Smart Card

The library access control system is a control system that guarantees the safety of book resources and improves the management efficiency and management level of the library. With the support of computer technology, network technology, and target recognition technology, there are currently many library access control systems on the market, but most of these access control systems are customized and developed according to different library informatization conditions. Because of the original books The structure of the library management system is different, which makes the link between the access control system and other management systems of the library very inconvenient. In addition, the functions of most library access control systems remain at the level of security management and automatic loan and return. In order to realize the seamless link between the access control system and various digital libraries, expand the functions of the access control system, and improve the self-service level of the library, we have constructed a set of self-service access control systems for college libraries based on RFID smart cards.

Self-service entrance guard system of college library based on RFID smart card

1 Introduction to RFID technology and its application in libraries

1.1 RFID technology

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology realized by radio frequency communication. The basic principle is to use radio frequency signals and spatial coupling (inductive or electromagnetic coupling) transmission characteristics to realize automatic identification of the identified object. As a wireless version of barcodes, RFID technology has the advantages of waterproof, antimagnetic, high temperature resistance, long service life, large reading distance, data encryption on smart cards, larger data storage capacity, and more free storage of information that are not available in barcodes. It is recognized by the world as one of the ten important technologies of this century. A basic RFID system generally includes the following parts: a smart card that contains information about the target, that is, an RFID smart card, an antenna that transmits RF signals between the reader and the RFID unit, and an RF that receives the return from the RFID smart card. RFID reader that signals and transmits the decoded data to the host system for processing. At present, the RFID system has been used in traffic management, warehouse management, logistics management, production line tracking and other fields.

1.2 Introduction to the application of RFID technology in libraries

RFID technology has attracted the attention of libraries at home and abroad due to its unique characteristics. The National Library of Singapore began to use RFID technology in late 1998, becoming the first library in the world to apply this technology. Subsequently, the United States, Australia, China, etc. have also adopted this technology one after another. In 2006, my country's first RFID smart library was completed and put into use, the Chengyi College Library of Jimei University. Many libraries, including the New Shenzhen Library, the National Library, and the Shanghai Changning District Library, have also cited this technology. Based on the above-mentioned library using RFID technology, the functions it realizes roughly include:

●Self-service book borrowing and returning system: Provide readers with self-service book borrowing and returning operations without the intervention of library managers;

●Book sorting: realize the automatic inventory, arrangement and order of collection materials, so as to achieve the purpose of borrowing and returning;

●RFID security detection: For books that have not been checked out or are forbidden to be loaned out, the security check device will alarm when going out to remind the management staff to stop them in time.

Through RFID technology, the library has created huge social benefits for the library industry in terms of effectively improving management accuracy, improving service image, and expanding extended services, and has been recognized by the majority of colleagues.

2 RFID smart card

Smart card is also called integrated circuit card, or IC card, which embeds an integrated circuit chip in a plastic substrate and encapsulates it into the form of a card. In 1977, Motorola cooperated with one of its computer customers to develop the world's first smart card. Since then, smart cards have been widely welcomed for their thin and small size, advanced integrated circuit chip technology, and characteristics that cannot be deciphered or imitated. , And has achieved unprecedented development worldwide. At present, various smart cards are increasingly used in various fields of the national economy and penetrate into the daily lives of residents.

RFID smart card is a non-contact IC card. It has the characteristics of small size, large capacity, long life, reusable, etc. It can support fast reading and writing, non-visual recognition, mobile recognition, multi-target recognition, positioning and long-term tracking management.

2.1 Basic structure of smart card

The RFID smart card is mainly composed of an antenna, a radio frequency interface, and a micro-control unit. The modules and functions included in each component are as follows:

Antenna: Used to receive the signal sent by the RFID reader, and transmit data information back to the RFID reader.

Radio frequency interface circuit: It mainly includes waveform converter, modulator/demodulator, rectifier, voltage regulator, oscillator, etc. The waveform converter receives the radio modulation signal from the reader, and sends it to the modulation/demodulation module on the one hand, and performs waveform conversion on the other hand to convert the sine wave into a square wave, then rectify and filter it, and the voltage adjustment module performs the voltage adjustment Further processing, such as voltage stabilization, etc., the final output is supplied to each working circuit on the card. The oscillator generates a high-frequency signal for modulation/demodulation and a clock signal for the micro-control unit.

Micro control unit: realizes the recognition of the smart card and executes the instructions of the reader. Including logic control unit, request response unit, anti-collision unit, data encryption unit, storage unit (including E2PROM and ROM), etc.

Request response unit: When an RFID smart card is within the working range of the reader’s antenna, after the reader sends a command to the RFID smart card, the request response unit will be activated, and the card number of the smart card will be transmitted to the reader to establish a smart card The first step to communicate with the reader. Otherwise, the reader will not perform other read and write operations on the smart card.

Anti-collision unit: When multiple RFID smart cards enter the reader's operating range, the anti-collision unit will select one of them for operation, and the unselected one will be in idle mode and wait for the next card selection. The process will return to the selected card The serial number.

Logic control unit: used to decode the signal sent by the RFID reader and send data back to the RFID reader as required.

Data encryption unit: Complete the encryption processing and password protection of the data.

Storage unit: Including E2PROM and ROM, which are mainly used to store data. The data that the user wants to store (the reader's personal information, such as name, profession, hobby, borrowing and returning books, etc., can also store personal accounts) is stored in this unit. The data in E2PROM will be retained even after the smart card loses power and the smart card leaves the effective working range of the reader antenna.

2.2 Reading and writing principle of smart card

The reading and writing principle of the smart card is: the RFID reader sends a set of electromagnetic waves with a fixed frequency to the RFID smart card. Under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves, the LC resonant circuit in the RFID smart card resonates, so that there is a charge in the capacitor. At the other end, a unidirectional electronic pump is connected to send the charge in the capacitor to another capacitor for storage. When the accumulated charge reaches 2V, this capacitor can be used as a power supply to provide working voltage for other circuits, and the The data is transmitted or received from the RFID reader.

3 Library self-service and university readers

The purpose of all activities of the library is to provide readers with high-quality services, help readers obtain information, use information, and generate knowledge. The history of library development is the process of working hard to continuously improve the service quality of readers. Compared with traditional libraries, under the support of related technologies, digital libraries have new features in terms of service content, service methods, service methods, etc., and self-service is just one of the new features in the current library digital transformation process. A new form of service. It is based on a certain hardware environment and system platform. Readers can autonomously complete bibliographic inquiry, library borrowing and returning, document copying and other activities based on their reading interests, needs, preferences, and research priorities, so as to achieve reading and A self-service approach for research purposes. Through self-service in the library, all readers' information utilization activities and problem solving can be carried out on the self-service system independently, so that readers can realize themselves, facilitate themselves, and satisfy themselves in library reading and research.

A university library is an academic service organization that serves teaching and scientific research. Its readers are mainly teachers and students. Most of them have certain scientific research ability, their reading characteristics are relatively clear professional, purpose, timeliness, and the reading range is relatively concentrated and systematic. The information characteristics of university readers (usage habits, preferences, background, requirements, etc.) make the self-service of university libraries predictable to a large extent, and determine the construction principles and functional content of university library self-service access control systems The choice.

4 University library self-service access control system

The self-service of university libraries requires that all activities are operated by the readers themselves, so the library itself must have technology and facilities suitable for this characteristic. Only by perfecting the technical support can the new service method of library self-service be able to maximize the benefits.

4.1 Principles of constructing a self-service access control system for university libraries

According to the characteristics of university readers, combined with the characteristics of university digital library services, the construction of a university library's self-service access control system should follow the following principles:

(1) Disciplinary principle: It should be based on the subject setting and needs, and aim at teaching and research;

(2) Reader dominance principle: Full consideration should be given to the needs of readers, and attention should be paid to the collection and storage of reader feedback information;

(3) The principle of science: to be supported by modern technology to ensure that the system is scientific, reliable, economical and practical;

(4) Principle of integration: consider the integration with other systems of the library, and consider the link with the external shared environment;

4.2 Self-service access control system for college libraries based on RFID smart cards

According to the characteristics of university readers, taking readers as the center, the university library self-service access control system we built has the following functions: identification function, keyboard input function, instant display function, illegal alarm function, information storage function, communication with the host Function etc. It is a multi-module read-write control system with a microprocessor as the central control module and a non-contact RFID reader as the core. The modules included and the functions implemented are as follows:

RFID reader module: It is the most critical module of this system, mainly used to complete the reading and writing of RFID smart card one by one to automatically read the relevant information of the RFID smart card (such as identifying the identity of the reader in the library): cooperate with the keyboard input module to send the RFID The smart card writes or modifies the personal information with modification authority; cooperates with the host to manage the personal account in the RFID smart card. If all the books in the library are embedded with electronic tags, the borrowing and returning of books can also be automatically completed by reading the electronic tags, which greatly improves the phenomenon of students waiting in line for repayment.

Keyboard input module, sound and light alarm module: together with the display of the host constitute a human-computer interaction module. Through the human-computer interaction module, users can initialize the system according to specific usage requirements; write or modify personal information with modification authority; write information on personal needs, complete book reservations, and obtain information feedback in time; when modifying When the information outside the authority, illegal users enter the library, and the books that have not gone through the loan procedures or are forbidden to be loaned out of the library, the sound and light alarm can be automatically realized. The introduction of the human-computer interaction module reflects the efficiency and interoperability of the system.

Host display: When the RFID reader reads the information of the RFID smart card, the host display will instantly display the reader's personal information inside the smart card; display the information written or modified by the reader through the keyboard; display the status of the reader's book reservation; display the book The contents of various push services provided by the library (such as recommending new books to readers according to their professional characteristics, research directions, hobbies, etc.).

The reader preference analysis module is embedded in the host reader management system, through the analysis of the reader’s borrowing book history, the book keywords are clustered, and the reader preference frequent item set is generated, thereby defining the reader interest model, and the host display displays the readers’ demand books The bookshelf number where you are located, and through the hyperlink to enter the intelligent shelf navigation system, enter the three-dimensional distribution map of the target book price, clearly indicate the location of the target shelf, and give the best route guidance to facilitate readers to quickly obtain the target literature .

Print module: It can be controlled by the microprocessor and the host in time-sharing. When it is necessary to print the information of borrowing and returning books or the information pushed by the library, the microprocessor controls the printing for free; when it is necessary to print the digital resources of the collection or the digital resources on the Internet, the printing is controlled by the host, and the fee is RFID of the reader through the RFID reader Smart card for deduction and fee settlement.

Microprocessor module: It is the center of the library's self-service access control system, receiving and processing the information of the RFID smart card collected by the RFID reader; writing the information pushed by the library to the RFID smart card at any time; controlling the sound and light alarm module to illegal readers Or the reader's illegal operation will promptly alarm; receive, process, and store the information input by the keyboard input module; control the printing module to realize the printing function; control the real-time data transmission between the serial communication module and the host.

We use IBM RFID middleware as the link between the self-service access control system and the library management system, which can easily integrate this system with the library management system. IBM RFID middleware has the function of shielding the hardware differences of RFID equipment from the bottom and the functions of shielding the differences of operating systems and databases from the top. It effectively drives the back-end library management application system and forms a unified and coordinated operation process; While the system is perfectly integrated with the existing digital library management system, it can also ensure the independence and soundness of the two.

5 Conclusion

The college library access control system based on RFID smart card constructed in this paper enables readers to enjoy a brand-new service process when entering the library, and all information activities and problem solving of users can be carried out independently on the system. Realizes convenient, fast, and user-friendly services; because the system uses a microprocessor as the control center, other functions of the library self-service access control system can be increased by expanding the I/O port; the system uses RFID middleware to achieve communication with the library The seamless link of the original management system; the system's RFID smart card can also be expanded into a campus card. It can be said that the construction of this system has high practical significance and promotion value.